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Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment GRACE) - GRACE will be able to map the Earth's gravity fields by making accurate measurements of the distance between two satellites, using GPS and a microwave ranging system. It will provide scientists from all over the world with an efficient and cost-effective way to map the Earth's gravity fields with unprecedented accuracy. The results from this mission will yield crucial information about the distribution and flow of mass within the Earth and it's oceans and surroundings.

Hydrodynamics of Mobile Bay - Application of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) to study the hydrodynamics of Mobile Bay, Alabama.

Hydrothermal Vent Program (VENTS) - Established in 1984, conducts research on the impacts and consequences of submarine volcanoes and hydrothermal venting on the global ocean.

INlet Dynamics Initiative : Algarve (INDIA). - The INDIA Project is motivated primarily by a requirement to improve understanding of the interacting hydrodynamic and sedimentological processes at work in the European coastal zone and to develop improved methodologies to predict changes in morphology. Undertaking such a study requires a dynamic natural field site where processes are sufficiently active to result in observable changes in the physical environment over a time span commensurate with a realistic field campaign.

Initiative for international cooperation in ridge-crest studies (InterRidge) - An international and interdisciplinary initiative concerned with all aspects of mid-ocean ridges.

International Cooperative Study of the Gulf of Thailand (GoT) - A regional research programme for the sustainable management of the Gulf of Thailand. Objectives are to establish an institutional and information network on scientific and socio-economic data collection, exchange, analysis and integratio, to develop the capacity of the region to collect and analyze data, and to integrate multidisciplinary data into formats practically useable by various sectors.

International Marine Global Change Studies (IMAGES) - a global program to collect and study marine sediment records. The overriding IMAGES science issue is to quantify climate and chemical variability of the ocean on time scales of oceanic and cryospheric processes; to determine its sensitivity to identified internal and external forcings, and to determine its role in controlling atmospheric CO2.

Jason - an oceanography mission to monitor global ocean circulation, discover the tie between the oceans and atmosphere, improve global climate predictions, and monitor events such as El Niño conditions and ocean eddies. The Jason-1 satellite carries a radar altimeter and it is a follow-on mission to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon mission. It is joint mission between France and USA. The satellite will be launched in May 2000.

Joint Evaluation of Remote sensing Information for Coastal defence and Harbour Organisations (JERICHO). - The principal objective of the JERICHO project is to investigate which parts of Britain's coastline may have experienced an increase in wave height similar to that observed by satellites in the surrounding seas. The project is funded by the British National Space Centre and the UK Environment Agency.

Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) - An international programme to assess more accurately, and understand better the processes controlling, regional to global and seasonal to interannual fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere, surface ocean and ocean interior, and their sensitivity to climate changes.

Land-Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS). - LOIS was a 6 year project (1992 - 1998) of the UK's Natural Environment Research Council involving over 360 scientists from 11 institutes and 27 universities. This project was the United Kingdom's contribution to LOICZ. It aims were to quantify and simulate the fluxes and transformations of materials (sediments, nutrients, contaminants) into and out of the coastal zone, extending from the catchment to the edge of the continental shelf. The main study area, embracing river catchments, estuaries and coastal seas, was the UK East Coast from Berwick upon Tweed to Great Yarmouth, concentrating on the Humber and its catchment, and to a lesser extent the River Tweed. The shelf edge study was focused on an area to the west of Scotland.

Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) - The LOICZ Project focuses on the area of the earth's surface where land, ocean and atmosphere meet and interact. The overall goal of this project is to determine at regional and global scales: the nature of that dynamic interaction; how changes in various components of the Earth system are affecting coastal zones and altering their role in global cycles; to assess how future changes in these areas will affect their use by people; to provide a sound scientific basis for future integrated management of coastal areas on a sustainable basis.

Long Range Shallow Water Robust Acoustic Communication Links (ROBLINKS) - The overall aim of ROBLINKS is to develop and test robust coherent acoustic communications at long ranges in shallow water at data rates in excess of 1 kbit/s.

Louisiana-Texas Shelf Physical Oceanography Program - LATEX Program is a six-year oceanographic research initiative that has as its principal objective the identification of key dynamical processes governing the circulation, transport, and cross-shelf mixing of the waters on the Texas-Louisiana shelf

MARine PRODuctivity (MARPROD) - Its aim is to develop coupled modelling and observational systems for the pelagic ecosystem, with emphasis on physical factors affecting zooplankton population dynamics. Marine Productivity provides a major UK contribution to the international Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics project (GLOBEC).

MAss Transfer and Ecosystem Response (MTP II-MATER) - The overall objective of the MTP II MATER is to study and to quantify the triggering and controlling mechanisms of mass and energy transfer between the different compartments (land - sea, sea - atmosphere, water - sediment, living - non living, pelagos - benthos), in contrasting trophic environments (from eutrophic to oligotrophic) of the Mediterranean Sea and to investigate the ecosystem response to such a transfer.

Mediterranean Hydrographic Atlas (MEDATLAS) - The main goals of the MEDATLAS project are to update the available data sets of temperature and salinity profiles measured in the Mediterranean Sea, to check its dataquality, to merge compiled datasets, update climatological statistics and to make the numerical data available for other users.

Microbial Ecosystem Dynamics (MEDEA). - MEDEA is a combined experimental and theoretical approach towards understanding the mechanisms determining microbial ecosystem dynamics in the photic zone. Centered around an idealized conceptual/mathematical model, questions are addressed concerning mechanisms regulating structure and function of the food web.

Molecular Ecology of the Photosynthetic Procaryote Prochlorococcus (PROMOLEC). - The EC MAST III project is centered on an important and recently discovered genus of marine photosynthetic microorganism: Prochlorococcus. This prokaryote proliferates in oligotrophic areas, including the Mediterranean and Red Seas, and is the tiniest and numerically the most abundant photosynthetic organism and accounts for a large part (up to 50%) of the photosynthetic biomass and primary production in these areas.

Monitoring the Atlantic inflow toward the Artic (MAIA) - The overall objective of MAIA is to develop an inexpensive, reliable system based on coastal sea-level data for monitoring the inflows of Atlantic Water to the northern seas. Available observation systems, including standard tidal stations, will be used to obtain transport estimates with a time resolution of less than a week and show that the method is generic and can be applied to a similar monitoring of other regions.

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